Jamal, Amaney, Michael Hoffman, and Marc Lynch. 2014. “Political Attitudes of Youth Cohorts”. In The Arab Uprisings Explained: The New Contentious Politics in the Middle East . Columbia University Press. Referenced from www.amazon.com: Political Attitudes of Youth Cohorts.

Jamal, Amaney, and Michael Hoffman. 2012. “The Youth and the Arab Spring: Cohort Differences and Similarities”. Middle East Law and Governance 4 (1): 168-88.

Jamal, Amaney, and Michael Hoffman. 2014. “Religion in the Arab Spring: Between Two Competing Narratives”. Journal of Politics 76 (3).